The infections following the implantation of primary prostheses are generally caused by microorganisms that have the capability to grow in biofilms. The diagnosis and treatment of these infections are quite challenging. These infections may seriously decrease the survival of the prosthesis, causing severe morbidity or permanent disability in the patients. Several treatment modalities have been described for these infections, such as suppression with long-term antibiotic treatment, resection (Girdlestone`s) arthroplasty, debridement with prosthetic retention, single-stage revision, two-stage revision using antibiotic-loaded bone cement spacers, arthrodesis and even amputation. Two-stage revision with antibiotic loaded bone cement spacer is the most succesfull treatment modality for the management of these infections.