Arthroplasty is one of the most satisfying sub-specialties of orthopedics and traumatology. It can be said that the `golden period` of arthroplasty started after Sir John Charney started using acrylic bone cement in total hip arthroplasty about six decades ago. Since that time, joint reconstruction surgery has developed dramatically in parallel with the developments in material technology and cement application techniques. In order to achieve successful results and technical advancements in cemented joint reconstruction surgery, it is necessary to understand concepts such as historical development of cement, chemical components, application techniques, and viscosity.