Thoracic outlet syndrome generally causes pain in the neck, shoulder and arm; and for the patients seen with these symptoms, generally this syndrome is the last to come in mind. Physical examination is difficult, diagnostic tests are usually normal, and when diagnosed, the treatment is not standard. On the other hand, the diagnosis is quite easy if thoracic outlet syndrome causes motor neurologic deficit or acute vascular problems. This article will present the general information for the diagnosis and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome, and besides mention the algorithm and methods utilized.