The aging of the world population is seen as one of the most important problems of the twenty-first century. It is not surprising that older population growth has significant social, economic, political and health consequences. Difficulties associated with advanced age; significant changes in many physiological functions, development of multiple dysfunctions, decrease in general functional capacity, increase in morbid problems. As a result, the loss of mobility, which the elderly fear most, occurs. Biological aging affects all cells, organs and tissues in all body systems and causes physiological and pathological changes at many organ levels. One of the systems most affected by this process is the musculoskeletal system. With advancing age, the balance between the amount of old bone and the new bone formed in the reconstruction process becomes negative. Bone fragility syndrome known as osteoporosis, which is the most common metabolic disorder of old age in humans, occurs with decreased bone mass and decreased strength. In this article, our aim is to review and discuss what is known about the effect of the aging process, osteoporosis and sarcopenia on the bone itself and its cellular components, and the effect of arthrosis on the incidence of hip fractures.