Patient safety has an important place within the scope of quality practices in health. Safe surgical practices are included in ensuring patient safety in surgical patients. Safe surgery is to protect the patient against malpractice that may occur before, during and after surgery or to minimize the risk of malpractice. Orthopedics and traumatology clinics are considered to be at high risk for experiencing different kind of issues regarding patient safety. It has been reported that the rate of patient safety incidents occurring in orthopedics and traumatology clinics is 29.4%. The most common causes of events that threaten patient safety in orthopedic surgery are insufficient information, inconsistencies in planning, disruptions in the preoperative waiting period, inadequacy or lack of surgical field marking, inadequacy or lack of breaks, communication problems and distracting events in the operating theater. In order to eliminate these factors that threaten patient safety, the knowledge and skill level of physicians and nurses working in orthopedics and traumatology clinics must be sufficient.