Kinesiophobia and fear of falling, which are frequently encountered after orthopedic surgery, are often observed together and trigger each other. In patients after orthopedic surgery, the experience of pain due to surgery and the uncertainties experienced during the recovery process can cause development of kinesiophobia and fear of falling. Fear of falling and kinesiophobia that develop after orthopedic surgery are important psychological factors that negatively affect the recovery process of patients, reduce their quality of life and increase the risk of re-injury. While fear of falling causes patients to restrict their mobility and worry about losing their independence, kinesiophobia triggers avoidance of physical activities due to the feeling of pain. These psychological obstacles can cause delays in physical rehabilitation after orthopedic surgery, loss of muscle strength and slow functional recovery. Therefore, understanding the causes of fear of falling and kinesiophobia and developing solutions to reduce these concerns are of great importance in order to accelerate the recovery process of patients, regain their independence and improve their overall quality of life. The importance of nursing care in this context is that it not only contributes to the physical recovery process of surgical interventions, but also plays an important role in strengthening the psychological well-being of patients.