Prosthesis infections are still a current and significant issue as the most severe and catastrophic situations after arthroplasties. Prosthesis infection risk is asssociated with the co-morbidities increasing with age, and also individual risk factors. Preventing of the prosthesis infection is more appropriate and beneficial than the treatment of the infection. Late hematogenous infections can be defined as the infections seen after a length of time following the first arthroplasty operation. The purpose of this article is to identify the predisposing factors leading to late hematogenous infection cases, and prophylactic use of antibiotics to prevent infection in high risk patients after arthroplasty.