Fellowship training is one of the learning processes after orthopaedic residency. There are certain fellowship programs in many countries. Fellowship training is not mandatory. However, they are efficient ways to learn from experienced orthopaedic surgeons in the rapidly growing orthopaedic world. Basically there are three different fellowship programs: clinical, research and travelling fellowhip. They all have different application routes. This paper is describes the fellowship programs, and describes the aims and application ways of these programs. Turkish orthopaedic education lacks valid clinical fellowship programs, however, there is a rapid standardization and accreditation endeavor by the educational committee that hopefully help to build better national fellowship programs.