The most important reason for failure after shoulder instability surgery is the recurrence of instability. Revision surgery after recurrence of instability is more difficult than primary surgery and has less satisfactory results. In such a case, the reasons for the failure of the primary treatment and the characteristics of the patient should be determined, the condition of the soft tissues and bony structure should be revealed in detail with appropriate imaging methods, and revision surgery should be specially designed for each patient regarding these variables. Although no difference has been shown in terms of success and results between open revision surgery and arthroscopic revision surgery, open surgery should be considered more prominently in other risky groups such as patients participating in contact sports and/or overhead throwing sports and military personnel. In cases of serious glenoid and/or humeral bone loss, bone block methods for the anterior glenoid should be preferred. This review focuses on the etiology of failure, patient evaluation, and different treatment modalities recommended for different scenarios after failed Bankart repair, including an evidence-based treatment algorithm.