Disasters that occur unexpectedly, the extent of the area they affect, cause many people to be affected, lose their lives or get injured, experience social and economic losses, and fail to meet basic human needs cause varying degrees of psychological impact on the whole society. In this period, the risk of psychological problems increases in people who have physical injuries, loss of limbs, and who are hospitalized with important health problems. Healthcare workers who are involved in the treatment and care of these people can also be psychologically affected negatively as a result of suddenly changing work patterns, extended working hours, repetitive exposure to traumatic images and stories, and other accompanying factors. In this review, psychological effects of trauma experienced after a major earthquake on both patients and healthcare professionals are discussed in the light of current literature. In addition, the approach to these psychological problems is also evaluated in the review.