TOTBİD Dergisi

TOTBİD Dergisi

2011, Cilt 10, Sayı, 1     (Sayfalar: 032-037)

The functional anatomy of the hip joint

M. Fatih Ekşioğlu 1, Halil İbrahim Açar 2, İbrahim Tekdemir 2

1 Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Anabilim Dalı, Kırıkkale
2 Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Anatomi Anabilim Dalı, Ankara

Görüntüleme: 1504
 - 
İndirme : 15469

The hip joint is a multiaxial, ball-and-socket type synovial joint. It has a perfect structure for standing erect and walking. The stability of the hip joint is mainly provided by its joint capsule. The hip joint, together with the shoulder joint, is the most active joint of the human body. However, the hip joint is more stable than shoulder joint as the femoral head is adequately covered by the acetabulum and matches the acetabulum. The degree of acetabular cover (Center-edge angle) is assessed by the Wiberg`s angle and is normally 26±6 degrees. The normal anteversion of the acetabulum is necessary for it`s the maintainence of the normal relation with femoral head and important for avoiding the compression injuries. The acetabular anteversion shows the degree of anterior inclination of the acetabulum and its normal value is 20 degrees. The collodiaphysis angle of the femur is another important element for the stability of the hip joint and it is normally 120-130 degrees (Mean 125±7 degrees). An increase in this angle called coxa vara, whereas a decrease is called coxa valga. The primary ligaments of the hip joint are the iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral and transvers acetabular ligaments and the ligaments of the femoral head (Teres ligaments). Gluteus maximus, tensor fascia lata and iliotibial band form the superficial muscle layer of the hip. Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles are in the next layer and insert on the greater trochanter and its covering fascia by covering the joint capsule of the hip anteriorly and posteriorly. The small external rotators (Piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior and quadratus femoris) cover the hip joint posteriorly and insert on the medial aspect of the trochanteric process from proximal side to distal.

Anahtar Kelimeler : Acetabulum; anatomy; femur; hip joint