Anterior knee pain is a common complaint in all ages of athletes. A number of disorders may lead to anterior knee pain. Most of disorders are closely related to each other. Acute trauma, recurrent minor trauma and overuse may play an important role for the development of the complaints. Usually increased or modified physical activity are present in the history. The anterior knee is composed primarily of the patellofemoral joint. There are numerous tissues in this region including cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial plica, Hoffa`s fat pad (infrapatellar fat pad), retinacula, capsule and tendons. Alone or in combination, any of these entities may be a cause of anterior knee pain. The majority of patellofemoral disorders are either septic or aseptic bursitis. Other pathologies are extremely rare. Hoffa disorders are usually secondary to intraarticular pathologies related mainly to the anterior compartment. Primary disorders are rare and frequently painful impingement of hypertrophied Hoffa`s fat pad is seen (Hoffa`s disease). In this article, the anatomy of the suprapatellar, prepatellar, superficial and deep infrapatellar bursae; etiopathogenesis of bursitis, its diagnosis and treatment, and the anatomy, classification, incidence and the treatment of the suprapatellar, medial patellar, infrapatellar and lateral patellar plicae; and also the anatomy of Hoffa`s fat pad along with the diagnosis and treatment of the Hoffa`s disease, which are essential in the differential diagnosis of the anterior knee pain were discussed.