All upper extremity structures must work in full harmony for the spatial movement of the hand. The elbow is the joint located in the central position of the upper extremity and plays a key role in the width and strength of the movements performed. Especially in throwing sports, the elbow joint moves by forcing its limits. For this reason, it is inevitable to encounter serious injuries in athletes. In sports such as baseball, american football, tennis, golf, javelin, it is necessary to understand elbow biomechanics in order to avoid elbow injuries or to understand the mechanism of injury. In this article, elbow biomechanics are discussed on an athlete basis.