In recent years, with the development of orthopedic surgical techniques, the treatment of musculoskeletal system injuries has changed significantly. Many musculoskeletal system diseases that were previously treated conservatively are increasingly being treated surgically. The increasing number of cases requiring surgery in orthopedic patients, the complexity of orthopedic surgery, and the frequent use of implants in these procedures significantly increase the risk of surgical site infection. Orthopedic patients are the group with the highest risk of developing surgical site infections among all surgical patients. Surgical site infections lead to increased morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital stays, delayed wound healing, and adverse functional outcomes. Furthermore, they impose a significant burden on individuals, society, and healthcare professionals in terms of healthcare costs Prevention is defined as the most important strategy in combating surgical site infection. In the literature, there are evidence-based recommendations for the prevention of surgical site infections before, during, and after surgery. This article aims to examine current guideline recommendations and research results regarding the prevention of surgical site infection in orthopedic surgery.