Compartment syndrome is a clinical condition due to increased interstitial fluid pressure in closed osteofascial compartment. An 81-year-old female patient with gluteal swelling and pain due to falling down the stairs on the hip was brought to our Emergency Department. Pelvic roentgenography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies were performed. During the one-hour follow-up period, although there was no increase in complaint of pain and no sciatic nerve palsy, it was observed that there was feeling of pricking in the area corresponding to the distribution of the sciatic nerve. Considering these clinical findings, the diagnosis of gluteal compartment syndrome was made. Surgical decompression was performed. The patient returned to normal daily life in the postoperative third month. Although gluteal compartment syndrome is rare, it should be born in mind in traumatic gluteal swelling secondary to trauma.