The Ilizarov technique has been used for many years as a method of limb length discrepancy and deformity corrections. The success of this difficult and long-term surgical procedure is directly related to the patient receiving a good rehabilitation program. This is due to complications such as pain, edema, loss of range of motion, shortness of soft tissue and weakness after Ilizarov surgery. Ilizarov rehabilitation should be started as soon as possible after surgery and patients and their relatives should be informed about the rehabilitation process. Since the development of joint and soft tissue contractures may adversely affect both the lengthening or deformity correction process and the longterm functional outcomes of the patient, physiotherapists should develop strategies to prevent the development of contractures.