The change in living standards, changes in the concept of quality of life, the lengthening of the average life, increase of expectations of patients and doctors from medical and surgical treatment, competitive environment, technological innovations making easier the access to information; all these have pushed the physicians and surgeons to adopt change in the treatment regimens. As in all the positive sciences; the new inventions occur in orthopedics and traumatology, which lead to changes in the orthopedic practice. All these inventions and innovations have been achieved as the result of scientific researches. Scientific research starts with a set of questions which can guide clinical sciences. The working population is determined in the presence of these questions, and the findings which can affect the study are detected. These studies can be designed and classified according to the method, the process, the number, and the qualitative characteristics of the population. Clinical studies are classified as observational and experimental studies. Case reports, case series, cohort studies, case-control studies, meta-analyses, cross-sectional studies, experimental studies are some examples. Research education, such as surgical training, is also demanding and tiring. The researchers are trained for a minimum of 1–2 years. This laborious and lengthy process has an impact on the number of qualified researches. In spite of this, scientific research is the most important factor revealing new information and discoveries that improve and develop the tests and treatment regimens. So, clinical applications of orthopedics and traumatology is constantly changing and developing in practice, and this situation presents itself in a positive direction. Therefore, it is important that the scientific studies are handled with good knowledge, properly managed, interpreted, and applied correctly.