Thoracolumbar spine fracture ratios are increasing in parallel with the growth of industrialization. Since the spinal column is located in the deep layers of human body, traumas that affect the spine should have to be high energy traumas. In our country, spinal fractures present regional and seasonal particularities. Besides the traffic accidents, falling from high altitude is also a common cause. The patients with spinal cord injuries often externalize themselves from the community and serious depression cases are common. Psychological support is indicated in addition to medical treatment. Economic burdens of the treatment of spine fractures are significant. As compared with the conservative measures, cost effectiveness of surgical treatment is not better in thoracolumbar fractures with neurologic deficit.