Fluoroscopy is frequently used in modern orthopaedics and traumatology operations. Studies have shown that orthopaedics and traumatology surgeons do not have sufficient knowledge and skill to make use of fluoroscopy safely and effectively. The aim of this paper is to give basic knowledge on radiation for orthopaedics and traumatology surgeons, and provide up to date information in order to protect surgeons, besides patients and operating room staff from its harmful ef fects.